Leiden, English Leyden, gemeente (municipality) Leiden, English Leyden, gemeente (municipality), western Netherlands. It is located at the confluence of the Oude Rijn and Nieuwe Rijn (Old Rhine and New Rhine) rivers, 10 miles (16 km) north of The Hague and 5 miles (8 km) further inland from the North Sea. To honor the bravery of the citizens during the siege in 1575, the University of Leiden was founded in 1575 by William I (the Silent), Prince of Orange. In the 17th and 18th century the university was an epicenter for Dutch Reformed science and medicine. It was home to such famous scholars as Hugo Grotius Scaliger and Jacobus Arminius, Daniel Heinsius and Franciscus (Frans), Hemsterhuis, Hermann Boerhaave.
The university is also home to the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology and the National Museum of Antiquities and the National Museum of Ethnology of Asia. It also houses the Museum of the History of Science and the botanical gardens (1587) and the observatory. Numerous famous artists were born in Leiden which included Jan van Goyen and Jan Steen, Gabriel Metsu and Gerard Dou. The painters of these painters made Leiden the centre of the Dutch artistic Renaissance during the 17th century.
Leiden was a city that suffered from economic stagnation following the demise of the textile industry in the 18th century. This was followed by industrialization at the end of the 19th century. Nowadays, Leiden's major business activities are food processing, graphic arts and the production of construction materials. Leiden's markets for cattle and cheese are among the most popular in the United States and there are even bulbs-growing farms in the west. Nearby are the resorts for sea lovers in Noordwijk and Katwijk. The outlying residential areas have seen lots of growth since World War II but the center of the city's life remains the town's old part.
Boerhaave Museum
Boerhaave Museum, byname of Royal Museum Of The History Of Natural And Exact Sciences, Dutch Rijksmuseum Voor De Geschiedenis Van Der Natuurwetenschappen And Van De Geneeskunde. Leiden, Neth., museum of the history of natural sciences , and one of the foremost European museums of its type. It has a fantastic collection of scientific instruments from the past. It has a collection of instruments that was the property of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) and thermometers that belonged to D.G. Fahrenheit (1686-1736). Author: Raymond
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